E-commerce

Strategy of the Government of Catalonia that aims to generate a hub of digital innovation in Catalonia to foster economic growth, business competiveness and quality employment. This initiative promotes the active participation of all agents involved in the development of the digital society.

Association of SMEs and large enterprises working for the growth of the digital economy in Spain.

Association created in 2003 by Autocontrol and Adigital to enhance the confidence of users in the Internet, both when buying and surfing. Confianza Online distinguishes the websites that use good Internet and e-commerce practices with its trust mark.

Association representing over 25,000 businesses that market products or services on the Internet in Europe. It was founded by a large number of national associations (in Spain, Adigital) promoting e-commerce.

Agency working with policy-makers to remove barriers in the EU's Digital Single Market to make good use of the potential of the European market in cross-border e-commerce.

Presentation of the different types of e-commerce according to purpose, platform, object and ‒ the most used distinction ‒ target group.

Business to consumer (B2C) on Wikipedia in Spanish. It contains the definition of the concept and some models of this variant of e-commerce.

Article studying the formation of the structure of the business to consumer (B2C) market.

Article examining the impact of e-commerce customer relationship management (ECCRM) in SMEs working with a business to consumer (B2C) model.

Article reflecting on the effects of satisfaction and trust on the continuity of purchases through electronic means in the business to consumer (B2C) model.

Article about customer loyalty in business to consumer (B2C). The results show how the quality of the service online and the usability of the website favour customer loyalty. In contrast, mistrust of the seller has a negative influence.

Business to business (B2B) on Wikipedia in Spanish. It contains the definition of the concept and the advantages of this modality.

Study on the contribution of digital marketing to the electronic market, in particular business to business (B2B).

Article studying e-marketplaces of business to business (B2B) in order to identify business models and critical factors of success.

Publication reflecting on how to design a successful business to business (B2B) strategy, fully exploiting the Internet.

E-business on Wikipedia in Spanish.

Informative book on e-business, its application, the technologies used, and so on.

Publication examining the impact of Internet and related technologies on e-commerce and online organizations.

First publication of a series of lectures about the evolution of e-business, e-commerce and e-government.

E-marketplaces or online marketplaces on Wikipedia in English.

Article about the new business model of e-marketplaces: what they involve, what they are, and how they work.

Text studying the critical objective of e-marketplaces, intermediation in commercial activity to ensure its quality, and the factors benefiting it.

Article on trust and risk perception, identified as the two main determining factors of participation in online transactions in e-marketplaces.

Article about the credibility that buyers give to the opinions of previous buyers in the electronic market environment.

Known by the abbreviation LSSI, this law regulates some legal aspects of information society services and incorporates the E-Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC into the Spanish legal system. Among the services mentioned are e-commerce activities, online contracting, information and advertising, and the intermediation service. One of the binding elements in accordance with the LSSI is the incorporation in any webpage of a legal disclaimer providing permanent, direct, easy and free information on the following aspects: the identity of those responsible for the website, the domain used, the details of the professional association, the tax number, the price of the product or service, the codes of conduct and, if the commercial activity is subject to a regime of prior administrative authorization, the respective details and the identification details of the agency in charge of the supervision.

Known as the Directive on electronic commerce, on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market.

Publication by Editorial vLex with an insight into e-commerce and related legal aspects.

Regulation aiming to establish a legal framework that ensures the cross-border recognition of electronic agencies, the interoperability of the electronic signature and other reliable services, with the objective of enabling electronic communications between citizens, businesses and public administrations, thereby strengthening e-commerce and e-government.

Publication that revises the regulation on e-commerce, information society service providers, electronic contracts, the electronic signature, and so on.

Law that also regulates commercial activity on the Internet, instituted as a result of the changes experienced by wholesale commercial distribution in Spain with the incorporation of the new technologies in commerce.

Law complementing Law 7/1996. This law does not repeal Law 7/1996 but incorporates the additional provisions into the Spanish legal system, in accordance with other Community directives.

Law applied to any contract established between a professional and a natural or legal person.

This regulation replaces the directive from 1995 and brings with it important changes in the regulation of data processing, both in terms of people's rights and the obligations of those who process personal data.

Publication of Editorial vLex on the application of LOPD in e-commerce and information society services.

Law establishing a legal framework for consumer protection with respect to distance contracts and contracts established outside commercial premises.

Directive on European consumer and user protection, expanding the harmonization of the internal systems of the Member States.

The main function of this regulation is to contribute to consumer protection, in particular at a digital level, providing a European platform of online dispute resolution that facilitates out-of-court dispute resolution between traders and consumers.

Directive to be applied in out-of-court resolution procedures of national and cross-border disputes, and disputes over contractual obligations resulting from sales and service provision contracts. This out-of-court resolution will be carried out through an alternative dispute resolution entity.

Since 15 February 2016, the European Union's online dispute site, the European Commission's Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), has been operational, in accordance with article 14 of Regulation No. 524/2013 stipulating that all online establishments providing e-commerce services must include an electronic link to the ODR platform on their websites.

With the new e-commerce environments it has been necessary to update the ordinary dispute resolution modalities. In this respect, moreover, commercial relationships between traders and consumers throughout Europe involve an additional effort because the parties concerned are located in distant geographical areas.

This law aims to incorporate the Directive 2002/65/EC concerning the distance marketing of consumer financial services into the Spanish legal system.

Directive whose objective is to harmonize the legal, regulatory and administrative provisions of EU Member States on the distance marketing of consumer financial services.

Document on the legal system of the distance marketing of financial services, taking into account Directive 2002/65/EC.

Law that also regulates commercial activity on the Internet, instituted as a result of the changes experienced by wholesale commercial distribution in Spain with the incorporation of the new technologies in commerce.

Law establishing a legal framework for consumer protection with respect to distance contracts and contracts established outside commercial premises.

Green Paper on the work begun by the European Commission on the detection of possible inefficiencies and improvements in the consumer financial services market with the aim of deciding if it is necessary to begin a legislative procedure for the drafting of a new rule. This document deals in depth with everything related to price-comparison search engines and the harmonization of the legislation of the different Member States.

News aggregator on digital marketing and e-commerce.

Book on a legal interpretation of e-marketing and e-commerce.

Book on the implementation of digital marketing in e-commerce. It shows how the opportunities provided by Internet can be exploited to achieve business objectives, how to conduct market research, how to develop safe e-commerce initiatives, and so on.

E-book with the keys to digital marketing that help to reach the potential consumer.

Publication on multichannel marketing and the use of search engines.

Text dealing with positioning in search engines or search engine optimization (SEO) and the methods to ensure that website portals are retrieved among the relevant results and not as spam.

Publication on the optimization of retrieval and best positioning of a website through its positioning in search engines or search engine optimization (SEO).

Application of digital marketing strategies using web analytics.

Academic journal dealing with the theory, applications and security of e-commerce and digital marketing.

Periodical publication that seeks to help generate a research community resulting in a theoretical framework fostering knowledge and applications for the development of e-commerce.

Academic journal to understand the social, cultural, organizational and cognitive dimensions of the impact of e-commerce technologies and the advances they bring all over the world.

Academic publication highlighting research and recent innovations in all facets of e-commerce.

Book featuring the keys to starting a business based on an e-commerce model.

Guide to e-commerce markets in Europe.

Publication reviewing the foundations of e-commerce, the state of the issue, and so on.

Publication dealing with diverse technology issues, notably e-commerce, the boom in mobile technology, legal controversies, digital marketing, and so on.

Blog or online magazine on news about e-commerce.

The result of the union of leading businesses in e-commerce dissemination, knowledge and training with the aim of promoting the growth of the sector and all those involved.

Publication of the latest e-commerce news.