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How to cite

Harvard 11th ed style

These are the general criteria for citations as per the Harvard 11th ed style.

Choose the citation style:

APA Style

Chicago Style

Harvard Style

Vancouver Style

ISO 690 Style

Bibliographic reference

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (year) 'Title of the article', Name of the journal, vol.(no.), pp. first page number - last page number.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Mora, A. (2017) 'Gamification: a systematic review of design frameworks', Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 29(3), pp. 516-548.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. Edition no. Place: publisher.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Caballero Fernández, R. E., Sánchez Huete, M. A., Alonso J. A., Aguirre, P. and Santander, G. (2000) Matemáticas aplicadas a la economía y a la empresa: 434 ejercicios resueltos y comentados. Madrid: Pirámide.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Title of the chapter'. In: Title of the book: subtitle. Place: publisher, p./pp. first page number - last page number.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Myro, R. (2019) 'Crecimiento económico y cambio estructural'. In: Lecciones de economía española. Cizur Menor, Navarra: Civitas, pp. 43-65.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Title of the paper', surname, initial of the editor's name. Name of the conference. Place and date of the conference, p./pp. XX-XX.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Pastrana Santamarta, P. and Moreno Collado, A. M. (2003) 'Ubicación de plantas de biomasa para producir electricidad mediante sistemas de información geográfica (GIS)', in Agüera, J., Gil, J. and López, F. J. (ed.) 2nd Congreso Nacional de Agroingeniería. Cordoba, 24-27 September 2003. Seville: Directorate-General for Agriculture, pp. 25-26.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Title of the talk', surname, initial of the editor's name. Name of the conference. Place and date of the conference, p./pp. XX-XX. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    Spain. General Secretariat for Marine Fisheries (2001) Actas de las 1 jornadas internacionales sobre reservas marinas: Murcia 24 al 26 de marzo de 1999. Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Available at: https://biblioteca.uoc.edu/es/actualidad/noticia/El-O2-Repositorio-UOC-un-escaparate-para-tu-trabajo-final (Accessed: 1 January 2022).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of the edition) Title (version) [database]. Place: distribution company.

  • EXAMPLE 

    MathWorks (2012) MATLAB (Version 7.4) [database]. Natick: MathWorks.

    Anon (2003) ScienceDirect e-books [database]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. Edition number. Place: publisher. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    Fournier, C. (2019) 97 things every engineering manager should know. Beijing: O'Really. Available at: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/97-things-every/9781492050896/ (Accessed: 23 January 2020).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the final project: subtitle. Bachelor's/Master's degree final project. Name of the university.

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the final project: subtitle [format]. Bachelor's/Master's degree final project. Name of the university. Place: publisher. 

  • EXAMPLE 

    Miranda González, A. (2022) Projecte de construcció d'un parc eòlic. Master's degree final project. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. 

  • TEMPLATE

    Surname, name of the interviewee (year) Title of the interview, if any [personal communication] date of the interview: day month year.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Patel, S. (2006) Reactions to Political Moves [interview by A. Jameson]. In: Johns, D. R. (2006) Table Talk: Interviews with Local Individuals. London: Collins, 23-45.

  • TEMPLATE

    Name of the institution (year) Title. Place: publisher.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Anon (1981) Revista de Análisis Transaccional y Psicología Humanista. Madrid: AESPAT.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (year) 'Title of the article', Name of the journal, vol.(no.), first page number - last page number. Available at: DOI or URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    Moral-Moral, M. and Fernández-Alles, M. T. (2019) 'Percepciones del residente local sobre el turismo industrial como una modalidad de desarrollo sostenible', Revista de Estudios Regionales, 114, pp. 45-69. Available at: http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf-articulo-2561.pdf (Accessed: 27 January 2020).

  • TEMPLATE

Name of the Department of government (Year). Title. Place of publication: Publisher (Series if applicable). Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

Department of Health & Children (2006). A vision for change report of the expert group on mental health policy. Dublin: Government of Ireland. Available at: https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/999b0e-a-vision-for-change/ (Accessed: 21 February 2006).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Headline', Full name of the newspaper, day and month of publication. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    Sanchis, L. (2015). 'Cinco sorpresas en las listas de Rajoy para las generales'. El Diario, 11 November. Available at: http://www.eldiario.es/politica/listas-Rajoygenerales_0_451105072.html (Accessed: 1 January 2022).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title: subtitle. Place: publisher.

  • EXAMPLE

    Graphic document

    Oostiner, M. (2011) Psychobiological effects of perinatal exposure to odorants in mice. Part II: Behavioural alteration. Vol. 36. Oxford University Press (OUP).

    Image

    Tàpies, A. (1986) Tàpies Barcelona, novembre 1986 - gener 1987. Barcelona: La Polígrafa.

    Engraving

    Capitani, R. (1994) Gravat-Mataró 94 VIII exposició del taller de gravat... : del 6 al 25 de setembre de 1994... Barcelona: Mataró Municipal Board of Culture.

  • TEMPLATE

    Surname, name (Year) 'Title of the episode', Name of the series (if relevant) [podcast], station or channel. Date and time of broadcast: day month hours:minutes. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE

    Archers, The (2015) [podcast] Radio 4. 5 October, 14:00. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06fkm32#play (Accessed: 6 October 2015).

    García, L. (2011) 'Ajedrez y Alzheimer', No es un día cualquiera [podcast] Radio Nacional de España. 3 July. Available at: http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/no-esundia-cualquiera/no-dia-cualquiera-ajedrezalzheimer/1144234/ (Accessed: 26 June 2014).

    National Gallery (2008) 'Episode Seventeen', The National Gallery Monthly Podcast [podcast] March. Available at: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/podcasts (Accessed: 23 June 2009).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (for individuals) or name of the organization. [Username]. (Year). First sentence of the post. [Name of the social media outlet]. Day and month of the post. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year). 

  • EXAMPLE 

    Government of Aragon. [gobaragon]. (2019). El @gobaragon consigue la eclosión de 5 #quebrantahuesos en el CRIAH, gestionado por @fundacion_quebrantahuesos. [Instagram]. 3 April. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bvyl-krnna2/ (Accessed: 14 April 2019).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (for individuals) or name of the organization. [Username]. (Year). First sentence of the post. [Name of the social media outlet]. Day and month of the post. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    University of Zaragoza Library. [Biblioteca.Universidad.de.Zaragoza]. (2019). Granada es Lorca, y Lorca es Granada. [Facebook]. 7 May. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/Biblioteca.Universidad.de.Zaragoza (Accessed: 14 April 2019).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (for individuals) or name of the organization. [Username]. (Year). First sentence of the post. [Name of the social media outlet]. Day and month of the post. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    University of Zaragoza Library. (2018). VídeoBUZ 2: Cómo buscar en el catálogo Roble. [YouTube]. 15 October. Available at: https://youtu.be/V4Sm8VhT7dg (Accessed: 14 April 2019).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of the edition) Title (version) [software]. Place: distribution company.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of the edition) Title (version) [software]. Place: distribution company.

    International GeoGebra Institute (2017) GeoGebra (Version 5.0.280.0) [software]. Available at: https://geogebra.en.softonic.com/?ex=CORE-1074.0 (Accessed: 2 February 2017).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. Edition no. Place: publisher.

  • EXAMPLE 

    American Psychological Association. (2020) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style. 7th edition. Washington D. C.: American Psychological Association.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the thesis: subtitle. Doctoral thesis. Name of the university.

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the thesis: subtitle [format]. Doctoral thesis. Name of the university. Place: publisher.

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the thesis: subtitle. Doctoral thesis. Name of the university. Place: publisher. Available at: URL [Accessed: day month year].

  • EXAMPLE 

    Unpublished thesis

    Benítez Ronchel, J. J. (1986) El funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo: la segmentación como base teórica para el diseño de una política laboral. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Malaga.

    Published thesis

    López García, J. (2001) Una aportación a la aritmética computacional mediante lógica umbral [CD-ROM]. Doctoral thesis. University of Malaga. Malaga, Spain: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad.

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. [Text-based learning resource]. Edition number. Place: publisher.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Cassián Yde, N. (2015) Culturas de la innovación y el emprendizaje. [Text-based learning resource]. 1st edition. Barcelona: Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (FUOC). 

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. [Audiovisual learning resource]. Place: publisher.

  • EXAMPLE 

    Puigfel Dalmau, G. (2019) L'escolta activa: focalitzar-se en el tema i trobar els primers passos a seguir. [Audiovisual learning resource]. Barcelona: Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (FUOC).

  • TEMPLATE

    Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of edition) Title (version) [video game]. Place: distribution company. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    Candy Crush Saga (2012) [video game]. St. Julian's, Malta: King Digital Entertainment. Available at: https://www.king.com/game/candycrush (Accessed: 26 June 2014).

  • TEMPLATE

    Organization (year of creation or updating) Website name. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).

  • EXAMPLE 

    Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) (2022). Available at: https://www.uoc.edu/portal/en/index.html (Accessed: 24 February 2022).

    Agència per a la Qualitat Universitària (2022) AQU main site. Available at: https://www.aqu.cat/ca/ (Accessed: 24 February 2022).

    FECYT (2022) FECYT. Available at: https://www.fecyt.es/en/ (Accessed: 24 February 2022).