Harvard 11th ed style
These are the general criteria for citations as per the Harvard 11th ed style.
Bibliographic reference
Article
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (year) 'Title of the article', Name of the journal, vol.(no.), pp. first page number - last page number.
- EXAMPLE
Mora, A. (2017) 'Gamification: a systematic review of design frameworks', Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 29(3), pp. 516-548.
Blog
- TEMPLATE
'Title of the post' (year) Name of the blog, day and month of publication. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
'La pandemia acelera el proceso hacia la digitalización de las instituciones educativas' (2022) eLearning Innovation Center Blog, 3 February. Available at: https://blogs.uoc.edu/elearning-innovation-center/the-pandemic-accelerates-the-process-towards-digitalization-of-educational-institutions/ (Accessed: 23 February 2022).
Book
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. Edition no. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
Caballero Fernández, R. E., Sánchez Huete, M. A., Alonso J. A., Aguirre, P. and Santander, G. (2000) Matemáticas aplicadas a la economía y a la empresa: 434 ejercicios resueltos y comentados. Madrid: Pirámide.
Chapter or part of a book
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Title of the chapter'. In: Title of the book: subtitle. Place: publisher, p./pp. first page number - last page number.
- EXAMPLE
Myro, R. (2019) 'Crecimiento económico y cambio estructural'. In: Lecciones de economía española. Cizur Menor, Navarra: Civitas, pp. 43-65.
Conference papers
Paper
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Title of the paper', surname, initial of the editor's name. Name of the conference. Place and date of the conference, p./pp. XX-XX.
- EXAMPLE
Pastrana Santamarta, P. and Moreno Collado, A. M. (2003) 'Ubicación de plantas de biomasa para producir electricidad mediante sistemas de información geográfica (GIS)', in Agüera, J., Gil, J. and López, F. J. (ed.) 2nd Congreso Nacional de Agroingeniería. Cordoba, 24-27 September 2003. Seville: Directorate-General for Agriculture, pp. 25-26.
Digital
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Title of the talk', surname, initial of the editor's name. Name of the conference. Place and date of the conference, p./pp. XX-XX. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Spain. General Secretariat for Marine Fisheries (2001) Actas de las 1 jornadas internacionales sobre reservas marinas: Murcia 24 al 26 de marzo de 1999. Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Available at: https://biblioteca.uoc.edu/es/actualidad/noticia/El-O2-Repositorio-UOC-un-escaparate-para-tu-trabajo-final (Accessed: 1 January 2022).
Database
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of the edition) Title (version) [database]. Place: distribution company.
- EXAMPLE
MathWorks (2012) MATLAB (Version 7.4) [database]. Natick: MathWorks.
Anon (2003) ScienceDirect e-books [database]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
E-book
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. Edition number. Place: publisher. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Fournier, C. (2019) 97 things every engineering manager should know. Beijing: O'Really. Available at: https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/97-things-every/9781492050896/ (Accessed: 23 January 2020).
Final project (bachelor's or master's degree)
Paper
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the final project: subtitle. Bachelor's/Master's degree final project. Name of the university.
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the final project: subtitle [format]. Bachelor's/Master's degree final project. Name of the university. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
Miranda González, A. (2022) Projecte de construcció d'un parc eòlic. Master's degree final project. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
Digital
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the final project: subtitle. Bachelor's/Master's degree final project. Name of the university. Place: publisher. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Miranda González, A. (2022) Projecte de construcció d'un parc eòlic. Master's degree final project. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Available at: https://biblioteca.uoc.edu/es/actualidad/noticia/El-O2-Repositorio-UOC-un-escaparate-para-tu-trabajo-final (Accessed: 1 January 2022).
Interviews
- TEMPLATE
Surname, name of the interviewee (year) Title of the interview, if any [personal communication] date of the interview: day month year.
- EXAMPLE
Patel, S. (2006) Reactions to Political Moves [interview by A. Jameson]. In: Johns, D. R. (2006) Table Talk: Interviews with Local Individuals. London: Collins, 23-45.
Journal
- TEMPLATE
Name of the institution (year) Title. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
Anon (1981) Revista de Análisis Transaccional y Psicología Humanista. Madrid: AESPAT.
Legislation
- TEMPLATE
Country. Institution that approved the law, (if any). Name of the law type and number [online], date of enactment. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Spain. Head of State, (2018). Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales [online], 5 December 2018. Available at: https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2018/12/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2018-16673.pdf (Accessed: 21 February 2021).
France. Assemblée Nationale, (2017). Loi relative au devoir de vigilance des sociétés mères et des entreprises donneuses d'ordre 2017-399 [online], 27 March 2017. Available at: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2017/3/27/ECFX1509096L/jo/texte (Accessed: 13 January 2021).
Catalonia. Department of the Presidency of the Government of Catalonia, (2015). Llei 17/2015, del 21 de juliol, d'igualtat efectiva de dones i homes [online], 23 July 2015. Available at: http://cido.diba.cat/legislacio/6132785/llei-172015-del-21-de-juliol-digualtat-efectiva-de-dones-i-homes-departament-de-la-presidencia (Accessed: 24 February 2022).
Online article
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (year) 'Title of the article', Name of the journal, vol.(no.), first page number - last page number. Available at: DOI or URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Moral-Moral, M. and Fernández-Alles, M. T. (2019) 'Percepciones del residente local sobre el turismo industrial como una modalidad de desarrollo sostenible', Revista de Estudios Regionales, 114, pp. 45-69. Available at: http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf-articulo-2561.pdf (Accessed: 27 January 2020).
Policy report
- TEMPLATE
Name of the Department of government (Year). Title. Place of publication: Publisher (Series if applicable). Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Department of Health & Children (2006). A vision for change report of the expert group on mental health policy. Dublin: Government of Ireland. Available at: https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/999b0e-a-vision-for-change/ (Accessed: 21 February 2006).
Online newspaper
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) 'Headline', Full name of the newspaper, day and month of publication. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Sanchis, L. (2015). 'Cinco sorpresas en las listas de Rajoy para las generales'. El Diario, 11 November. Available at: http://www.eldiario.es/politica/listas-Rajoygenerales_0_451105072.html (Accessed: 1 January 2022).
Photographs, prints or posters
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title: subtitle. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
Graphic document
Oostiner, M. (2011) Psychobiological effects of perinatal exposure to odorants in mice. Part II: Behavioural alteration. Vol. 36. Oxford University Press (OUP).
Image
Tàpies, A. (1986) Tàpies Barcelona, novembre 1986 - gener 1987. Barcelona: La Polígrafa.
Engraving
Capitani, R. (1994) Gravat-Mataró 94 VIII exposició del taller de gravat... : del 6 al 25 de setembre de 1994... Barcelona: Mataró Municipal Board of Culture.
Podcasts
- TEMPLATE
Surname, name (Year) 'Title of the episode', Name of the series (if relevant) [podcast], station or channel. Date and time of broadcast: day month hours:minutes. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Archers, The (2015) [podcast] Radio 4. 5 October, 14:00. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06fkm32#play (Accessed: 6 October 2015).
García, L. (2011) 'Ajedrez y Alzheimer', No es un día cualquiera [podcast] Radio Nacional de España. 3 July. Available at: http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/no-esundia-cualquiera/no-dia-cualquiera-ajedrezalzheimer/1144234/ (Accessed: 26 June 2014).
National Gallery (2008) 'Episode Seventeen', The National Gallery Monthly Podcast [podcast] March. Available at: http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/podcasts (Accessed: 23 June 2009).
Social media
Tweet
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (for individuals) or name of the organization. [Username]. (Year). First sentence of the post. [Name of the social media outlet]. Day and month of the post. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Government of Aragon. [gobaragon]. (2019). El @gobaragon consigue la eclosión de 5 #quebrantahuesos en el CRIAH, gestionado por @fundacion_quebrantahuesos. [Instagram]. 3 April. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bvyl-krnna2/ (Accessed: 14 April 2019).
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (for individuals) or name of the organization. [Username]. (Year). First sentence of the post. [Name of the social media outlet]. Day and month of the post. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
University of Zaragoza Library. [Biblioteca.Universidad.de.Zaragoza]. (2019). Granada es Lorca, y Lorca es Granada. [Facebook]. 7 May. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/Biblioteca.Universidad.de.Zaragoza (Accessed: 14 April 2019).
Video (YouTube o Vimeo)
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (for individuals) or name of the organization. [Username]. (Year). First sentence of the post. [Name of the social media outlet]. Day and month of the post. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
University of Zaragoza Library. (2018). VídeoBUZ 2: Cómo buscar en el catálogo Roble. [YouTube]. 15 October. Available at: https://youtu.be/V4Sm8VhT7dg (Accessed: 14 April 2019).
Software
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of the edition) Title (version) [software]. Place: distribution company.
- EXAMPLE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of the edition) Title (version) [software]. Place: distribution company.
International GeoGebra Institute (2017) GeoGebra (Version 5.0.280.0) [software]. Available at: https://geogebra.en.softonic.com/?ex=CORE-1074.0 (Accessed: 2 February 2017).
Standard
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. Edition no. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
American Psychological Association. (2020) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style. 7th edition. Washington D. C.: American Psychological Association.
Thesis
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the thesis: subtitle. Doctoral thesis. Name of the university.
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the thesis: subtitle [format]. Doctoral thesis. Name of the university. Place: publisher.
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the thesis: subtitle. Doctoral thesis. Name of the university. Place: publisher. Available at: URL [Accessed: day month year].
- EXAMPLE
Unpublished thesis
Benítez Ronchel, J. J. (1986) El funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo: la segmentación como base teórica para el diseño de una política laboral. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Malaga.
Published thesis
López García, J. (2001) Una aportación a la aritmética computacional mediante lógica umbral [CD-ROM]. Doctoral thesis. University of Malaga. Malaga, Spain: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad.
UOC learning resources (text-based or audiovisual)
Text
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. [Text-based learning resource]. Edition number. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
Cassián Yde, N. (2015) Culturas de la innovación y el emprendizaje. [Text-based learning resource]. 1st edition. Barcelona: Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (FUOC).
Audiovisual
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name. (Year) Title of the book: subtitle. [Audiovisual learning resource]. Place: publisher.
- EXAMPLE
Puigfel Dalmau, G. (2019) L'escolta activa: focalitzar-se en el tema i trobar els primers passos a seguir. [Audiovisual learning resource]. Barcelona: Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (FUOC).
Video games
- TEMPLATE
Author's surname, initial of the author's name (year of edition) Title (version) [video game]. Place: distribution company. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Candy Crush Saga (2012) [video game]. St. Julian's, Malta: King Digital Entertainment. Available at: https://www.king.com/game/candycrush (Accessed: 26 June 2014).
Website
- TEMPLATE
Organization (year of creation or updating) Website name. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year).
- EXAMPLE
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) (2022). Available at: https://www.uoc.edu/portal/en/index.html (Accessed: 24 February 2022).
Agència per a la Qualitat Universitària (2022) AQU main site. Available at: https://www.aqu.cat/ca/ (Accessed: 24 February 2022).
FECYT (2022) FECYT. Available at: https://www.fecyt.es/en/ (Accessed: 24 February 2022).
In-text citations
One author
(Author surname, Year of publication)
(Vinyoles, 2016)
Two authors
(First author surname and Second author surname, Year of publication)
(Njenga and Fourie, 2010)
Three authors
(First author surname, Second author surname and Third author surname, Year of publication)
(Clegg, Hudson and Steel, 2003)
More than three authors
(First author surname et al., Year of publication)
(Nguyen et al., 2019)
Organization
(Organization, Year of publication)
(Generalitat de Catalunya, 2020)